Based on the equivalent resonant cavity model, an effective analysis methodology of probe-fed hybrid microstrip antennas is carried\nout in this paper, resulting in a better understanding of the parameter interrelations affecting their behavior. With that, a new design\ncriterion focused on establishing uniform radiation patterns with balanced 3 dB angles is proposed and implemented. Results\nobtained with the proposed model closely matched HFSS simulations. Measurements made on a prototype antenna,\nmanufactured with substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) technology, also showed excellent agreement, thus validating the use\nof the cavity model for predesigning hybrid microstrip antennas in a simple, visible, and time- and cost-effective way.
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